References on Binoculars: Books. Articles. Catalogs. ================= BOOKS Aalders, Gerard and Cees Wiebes. The Art of Cloaking Ownership: the secret collaboration and protection of the German war industry by the neutrals, the case of Sweden. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press, 1996. Akin, Al. Optics for Birders. Prescott: Wolfe Publishing, 1994. Alii Service Notes. Repairing & Adjusting Binoculars. 1996. P.O. Box 30871 Honolulu, HI 96820. $24.95. Armstrong, Alan. Binoculars for Birders. Madison: Avian Press, 1990. Auerbach, Felix. The Zeiss Works. London: Foyle, 1925. (273p) Baderschneider, Herbert. Der Feldstecher, Wirkung und Leistung - dargestellt am Sternhimmel. Pforzheim: Verlag Bode, n.d. Baird, John. The Japanese Camera. Yakima: Historical Camera Publications, 1990. Barty-King, Hugh. Eyes Right. The Story of Dollond & Aitchison, Opticians 1750-1985. London: Quiller, 1986. 264pp. (The Binoculars, A Module on Waves, Physical Geometrical Optics.) Physics of Technology. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1975. (60p) (Bill Aldridge author?) Bouwers, A. Achievements in Optics. N.Y.: Elsevier, 1946. (pp53-9, catadioptric binocular) Brown, Earle. Basic Optics for the Sportsman. N.Y.: Stoeger Arms, 1949. Brandt, Rudolf. Himmelswunder im Feldstecher. Leipzie: J.A. Barth, 1938. (7 pp.) Brown, Earle. Optical Instruments. Brooklyn: Chemical Publishing, 1945. (pp264-75, 419-25). Bruscaglioni, R. Die Pruefbank fuer Doppelfernrohre des Instituto Nazionale di Ottica und ihre Anwendung. Zeitschrift fuer Instrumentkunde 54(1934) 264-271. Bureau of Naval Personnel Training. Lookout Manual for Officers Supervisors and Shore based Instructors. NAVPERS 16198. August 1945. (89p) Bureau of Naval Personnel. Opticalman 3 & 2. Washington D.C.: U.S. Navy Training Publications Center, 1966. (Navy Training Course NAVPERS 10205). Published as Basic Optics and Optical Instruments. N.Y.: Dover, 1969. Carson, Fred A. (OMC) and Naval Education and Training Program. Opticalman 3 & 2. Washington, D.C.: Naval Education and Training Program, 1989. (NAVEDTRA 10215, revised NAVPERS 10205). Published as Basic Optics and Optical Instruments, revised edition. N.Y.: Dover, 1997. Cooper, Joseph. Photography Through Monoculars, Binoculars, and Telescopes. N.Y.: Universal Photo Books, 1965. Crowell, Benedict. America's Munitions 1917-1918. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1919. (p577-9) Czapski, Siegfried. Grundzuege der Theorie der Optischen Instrumente. Leipzig: Barth, 1904. Department of the Army Operator's, Unit, and Direct Support Maintenance Manual TM9-1240-408-13-P. Binocular: Stabilized, M25. (NSN 1240-01-410- 7418). 2000. 296pp. (pdf) Department of the Army Operator's and Unit Maintenance Manual TM9-1240-407- 12-P. (Marine Corps TM10291A-12&P.) Binocular M24. (NSN 1240-01-412- 3128). w/Reticle (NSN 1240-01-430-6944). 1997. 20pp. Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 9-1240-368-34. Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Manual…for Periscope, Battery Command: M65 W/E. 1973. (pdf) Department of the Army Technical Manual TM9-1240-372-12P. Operator's and Organizational Maintenance Repair Parts and Special Tools List for Binoculars M3, M7, M13, M13A1, M15A1, M16, and M17A1. July 1972. Department of the Army Technical Manual TM9-1240-381-10. Operator's Manual, Binocular M19 W/E. 1240-00-930-3833. 30 NOVEMBER 1977. 15pp. (pdf) Department of the Army Technical Manual TM9-1240-381-24 & P. Organizational, Direct Support, and General Support Maintenance Manual, including repair parts and special tools list and depot maintenance repair parts and special tools, Binocular M19 W/E (1240-00-930-3833). October 1978. (paper & pdf) Department of the Army Technical Manual TM9-1580. Ordnance Maintenance. Binoculars M3, M7, M8, M9, M13, M13A1, M15, M15A1, M16, M17 and M17A1 and BC Telescope M65. Department of the Air Force Technical Order TO38-1-1. Feb. 1953. 284pp. (book, pdf, & partial photocopy) Department of the Army Technical Manual TM9-6650-208-34P. Field and Depot Maintenance Repair Parts and Special Tools List for Binoculars M3, M7, M13, M13A1, M16, and M17A1. (book & partial photocopy) Department of the Army Technical Manual TM9-6650-208-35P. Field and Depot Maintenance Repair Parts and Special Tools List for Binoculars M3, M7, M13, M13A1, M16, and M17A1. (photocopy reprint) Department of the Army Technical Manual TM9-6650-215-12. Operator and Organizational Maintenance Manual Binocular M18. 1964. 32p. (paper & pdf) Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 9-6650-215-20P. Organizational Maintenance Repair Parts and Special Tools List for Binocular M18. 1971. 12p. (pdf) Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 9-6650-215-34. Field Maintenance Manual Binocular M18. 1964. 18pp. (pdf) Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 9-6650-215-34P. Direct Support and General Support Maintenance Repair Parts and Special Tools List for Binocular M18 W/E (6650-863-5657). 1971. 22pp. (pdf) Depot Maintenance Work Requirements for Overhaul of Binoculars W/E M3, M7, M13, M13A1, M15A1, M16, and M17A1. September 1976. DMWR 9-1240-372. US Army Armament Command, Rock Island Arsenal. (160 pages) Donnelly, George. The Development of the Japanese Photographic Products Industry 1954-1958. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Commerce, 1959. Edmund Scientific. Collimators & Collimation. Popular Optics Library No. 9072. Eggleston, Wilfrid. Scientists at War. Toronto, 1950. p164-175. (Canada WWII) (The Evolution of the Japanese Camera. Rochester: George Eastman House, 1984.) Condax, Philip; The Evolution of the Japanese Camera; pp4-5. Tano, Masahiro; A Brief History of Japanese Cameras; pp6-10. Hibi, Takashi and William S. Fujimura; A History of Japanese Camera Optics; pp11-15. Frankford Arsenal. Encyclopedia of Army Ordnance Binoculars. Philadelphia, n.d. (after 1944). 84p. Gleichen, Alexander. The Theory of Modern Optical Instruments. London: HMSO, 1921. (pp122-315, & other) Green, Constance, Harry Thomson, & Peter Roots. The Ordnance Department: Planning Munitions for War. Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1955. Hale, Alan. How to Choose Binoculars. Redondo Beach: C & A Publishing, 1991. (Handbook of Overhaul Instructions with Parts Catalog. 7 x 50 Binocular. Mark 41) 15 June 1945. AN 05-35-41. Army Air Force. (30p) Hellmuth, Edith and Wolfgang Muehlfriedel. Zeiss 1846 - 1905. Weimar: Boehlau Verlag, 1996. pp220-232. Henson, Truman. Binoculars, Telescopes, and Telescopic Sights. N.Y.: Greenburg Publisher, 1955. Hofe, Chr. von. Fernoptik. Leipzig: Barth, 1921. Horne, Douglas. History of the British Optical Industry, 1720-1970. pp1- 46, Optical Instruments and Their Applications. Bristol: Hilger, 1980. (Infantry Rangefinder, Small Arms Training Vol. I). Pamphlet No. 10. 1937, (British) War Office. 53pp. (Instruments d' Observation. F10-F16, 1976.) Jumelle periscopique 8 x 24 Mle 36; Longue-vue binoculaire Mle 16, Mle 17, 10 x 35, 10 x 50 SF 14, 16 x 50; Periscope 6 x 20 mle 30. (French military SF, periscopic binoculars.) Japan Binoculars Export Promotion Co. The List of Binocular Makers. 1959. 12p. Japan Binoculars Export Promotion Co. The List of Binocular Traders. 1959. 15p. Japan Optical and Precision Instruments Manufacturers' Association. Machinery Japan, Optical and Precision Instruments, 1953. 68pp. Japan Optical and Precision Instruments Manufacturers' Association. Machinery Japan, Guide Book of Japanese Optical and Precision Instruments, 1957/58. 137pp. Japan Optical and Precision Instruments Manufacturers' Association. Guide Book of Japanese Optical and Precision Instruments, 1959/60. 138pp Japan Optical and Precision Instruments Manufacturers' Association. Guide Book of Japanese Optical and Precision Instruments, 1961/62. 160pp.; photocopy. Japan Optical and Precision Instruments Manufacturers' Association. Guide Book of Japanese Optical and Precision Instruments, 1964-65. 176pp. Japan Optical and Precision Instruments Manufacturers' Association. Guide Book of Japanese Optical Precision Instruments, 1966-1967. 196pp. Japan Optical and Precision Instruments Manufacturers' Association. Guide Book of Japanese Optical Precision Instruments, 1973-1974. 212pp.; partial photocopy. Johnson, B.K. Practical Optics for the Laboratory and Workshop. N.Y: Van Nostrand, 1923. (pp134-40, testing binoculars) Koenig, Albert. Die Fernrohre und Entfernungsmesser. Berlin: Springer, 1923. (Binoculars, pp53-101) (Telescopes and Rangefinders. pp52ff, translated by Ilse Roberts and Peter Abrahams.) Third edition, 1959, by Albert Koenig and Horst Koehler. Margolin, Jean-Claude and Paul Bierent. Pierre Marly presente Lunettes & Lorgnettes. (pp134-46) Military College of Science. Notes on Repairs to Fire Control Instruments. Part 41, Service Telescopes, Periscopes, and Binoculars, 1939, 52pp. Part 42, Service Telescopes and Periscopes, 1941, 80pp. Part 43, Prismatic Binoculars and Monoculars, 1941, 34pp. Moss, Michael & Iain Russell. Range and Vision: The First Hundred Years of Barr & Stroud (Edinburgh: Mainstream, 1988) 256pp. Navord Report 436, Optical Quality Studies of Instruments of Naval Interest. 1948. (Penn. State) (125p) Navord Report 437, Stray Light in Optical Systems. 1948. (Penn. State) (52p) Navord Report 77-46, Field Tests of Optical Instruments. 1947. (331p) Navpers 16128. (A Pictorial Survey of Military Optics.) Bureau of Naval Personnel, 1944. (104p) Navships 250-624-2, Manual for Overhaul, Repair, and Handling of 7 x 50 Binoculars with Parts Catalog. 1951. (121p) (Navy Department, U.S.A.) Annual Reports of the Navy Department for the fiscal year 1919. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1920. (Department of the Navy, Bureau of Ordnance) Navy Ordnance Activities: World War 1917-1918. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1920. (Nikon, History of 50 Years) Nihon Kogaku Kogyo gojunenshi. (Nihon Kogaku Kogyo 50-nenshi. Pub: Tokyo: Tokiwa Shoin, Showa 52 [1977]. Gojunen no ayumi / 50-nenshi. Author: Nihon Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. Nijugonenshi. 1977. Yonjunenshi. 1977. Gojunenshi Henshu Senmon Iinkai. 50-nen no ayumi. 1977. Office of Scientific Research and Development. Applied Physics. (Science in World War II). Part II: Optics, A History of Divisions 16 and 17, NDRC, by H. Kirk Stephenson and Edgar L. Jones. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1948. (roof prisms, coating, Schmidts, binoculars & mounts, Icaroscope, IR, electron telescope) Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee. K.D.C. Efficiency Measurements on Japanese Observation Binoculars; 1944. Same, German 7 x 50; 1945. Same, Wide Angle 7 x 50; 1944. Same, 6 x 42...Plastic Body; 1944. Same, German 8 x 40; 1945. Same, M16 7 x 50; 1945. (25p) Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee. Summary Technical Report, Optical Instruments. Washington D.C., 1946. (pp268-288, 435-471). (missing p272) (Dartmouth, Brown, U. Penn. J. Baker) (Optique 3e Partie, Reglages et Reparations; Tome II Description Generale- Reglages et Demontages Particuliers des Instruments; Fascicule 1, Jumelles a Prismes. n.d., WWII models. 112p.) Ordnance Department Document No. 2037. The Manufacture of Optical Glass and Optical Systems: a War Time Problem. May, 1921. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1921. (book & partial photocopy) (Ordnance Pamphlet 1189) Target Bearing Transmitter Mark 8. 9/27/44. (96pp). Ordnance School. Foreign Materiel, volume 3. The Ordnance School: Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, July 1943. (OS 9-61, vol. 3) (fire control instruments & sighting equipment, German & Japanese, B.C. scopes, range & height finders) 100p. Ordnance School. Maintenance Manual, Binocular, M3. Ordnance School Text OS9-600. The Ordnance School, Camp Santa Anita, Arcadia, California. March 1944. Pariselle, H. Les Instruments d'Optique par H. Pariselle. Paris: Colin, 1935. pp138-41,155-63. Paul, Henry. Binoculars and All Purpose Telescopes. N.Y.: Amphoto, 1980. Piaskowski, Antoni. Dawne Lunety I Lornetki W Zbiorach Polskich. Warsaw: Nakladem Autora, 1996. Porezag, Karsten. Hensoldt: Geschichte eines optischen Werkes in Wetzlar. Band 1: Familien- und Gruendungsgeschichte bis 1903. Wetzlar: Karsten Porezag, 2001. 448 pp. Reichert, Robert & Else. Binoculars & Scopes. N.Y.: Chilton. 1961. Reid, William. We're Certainly Not Afraid of Zeiss: Barr & Stroud Binoculars and the Royal Navy. Edinburgh: National Museums of Scotland, 2001. (176pp) Repinski, Cynthia. The Univex Story. Centennial Photo Service, 1991. Riekher, Rolf. Fernrohre und Ihre Meister. Berlin: Verlag Technik, 1957. (444p) Robinson, Leif. Outdoor Optics. N.Y.: Lyons & Burford, 1989. Rohan, Steve. Eyes of the Wehrmacht. Bradbury: Rohan Optical Press, 1996. Rohr, Moritz von. Die Binokularen Instrumente. Berlin: Springer, 1920. (303p) (pp88-94, The Binoculars. Translated by Ilse Roberts and Peter Abrahams.) Rosenthal, J. William. Spectacles and Other Vision Aids: a history and guide to collecting. Norman Publishing: San Francisco, 1996. 530pp. Sapolsky, Harvey. Science and the Navy: The History of the Office of Naval Research. 1990. 142p. (no binocular, optic, fire control in index or table of contents) Schmitz, E.H. Handbuch zur Geschichte der Optik. Bonn: n.p., 1982. 5 volumes. Schomerus, Friedrich. Geschichte des Jenaer Zeisswerkes 1846-1946. Stuttgart: Piscator, 1952. (348p) (pp241-3, The Zeiss Field Glass. Translated by Ilse Roberts and Peter Abrahams.) Schyrlaeus, Antonius Maria (de Rheita). Oculus Enoch et Eliae sive radius sidero-mysticus. Antwerp. 1645. (excerpt) Seeger, Hans. Feldstecher: Fernglaser im Wandel der Zeit. Borken: Bresser Optik, 1989. Seeger, Hans. Militaerische Fernglaeser und Fernrohre in Heer, Luftwaffe, und Marine. Hamburg: Seeger, 1996, 2002. Chapter 3.2: Kevin Kuhne, Japanese Binoculars. Seyfried, J.W. Choosing, Using, & Repairing Binoculars. Ann Arbor: University Optics, 1995. (Telemetres. G1-G16, 1976) .30m, .40m, .70m 1925, .7m 1931, .8m 1925, .8m 1931, .8m 1935, 1.25m, 1.6m, 2m 1934, 2m 1945. .7m Em 34, .8m, .9m, 1.5m. .5m. (French military coincidence rangefinders.) (Theoretical and Practical Applications of Optics.) 2nd. ed., revised. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Naval Personnel. 1943. 187p. (Prepared under the Supervision of the Standards and Curriculum Section, Training Division, Bureau of Naval Personnel, as Text Material for Optical Repair Schools.) Thomson, Harry and Lida Mayo. The Ordnance Department: Procurement and Supply. Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, Dept. of the Army, 1960. (p96-7). United States Strategic Bombing Survey; Optical and Precision Instrument Industry Report. 1945, 1947 Walter, John, German Military Letter Codes. Hove: Small Arms Research Publications, 1996. War Department (I.C. Gardner). Elementary Optics and Applications to Fire Control Instruments. Second edition. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924. (112p +) War Department, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, United States Army. Visual Signaling, Manual No. 6. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1910. 133p. (p104-133) (Field Glasses & Telescopes: reflection, refraction, lenses, focus, optical center, image, conjugate foci, law of foci, formation of image, spherical aberration, chromat ic a berr ati on, tel scop es, Galilean field glasses & telescopes, Porro prism field glasses & telescopes, field glasses, properties of telescopes & field glasses, field glasses & telescopes issued by the Signal corps, field- glass specifications) War Department, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, United States Army. Technical Equipment of the Signal Corps, Manual No. 3. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1917. (p40-2) War Department Technical Manual TM 6-220; Field Artillery Fire Control Instruments. 1941. (62p) War Department Technical Manual TM 9-575; Auxiliary Fire-Control Instruments (Field Glasses, Eyeglasses, Telescopes, and Watches). May 4, 1942. (24p). War Department Technical Manual TM 9-1580. Battery Commander's Telescope M1915A1. April 6, 1942. (44p) War Department Technical Manual TM 9-1580. Ordnance Maintenance Binoculars, Field Glasses, and B.C. Telescopes, All Types, March 15 1945. (233p) (93 pages, not including p94-233 BC Telescopes, photocopy) War Department Technical Manual TM 9-1580; Binoculars M3, M7, M8, M9, M13, M13A1, M15, M15A1, M16, M17 and M17A1 and BC Telescope M65. 1953. (284p) War Department Technical Manual TM 9-1611; Ordnance Maintenance Field Glass, Type EE. September 12, 1941 (10p). 1942 (25p) War Department Technical Manual TM 9-2601. Elementary Optics. Second Edition. Aberdeen Proving Ground: Ordnance School, Dec. 1942. War Department Technical Manual TM 9-2601. Elementary Optics and Applications to Fire Control Instruments. Washington D.C.: War Department, 19 April 1945. War Department Technical Manual TM-E 30-480; Handbook on Japanese Military Forces. USGPO, Oct. 1, 1944. (pp. 83, 279-83, 288) War Department Technical Manual TM 44-250, Stereoscopic Range and Height Finding. 1944. (102p) War Office, Fire Control Instrument Branch, Military College of Science. Elementary Notes on Optics and their Application to Service Instruments. London: HMSO, 1927, reprinted 1941. 128p. Watson, Fred. Binoculars, Opera Glasses, and Field Glasses. Buckinghamshire: Shire, 1995. Wehrtechnische Studiensammlung des BWB Koblenz. Info 15. BWB Koblenz Postfach 30 01 55, 56026 Koblenz. Wulfeck, Joseph, et al. Vision in Military Aviation. WADC Technical Report 58-399. ASTIA Document AD 207780. November 1958. Wright Patterson AFB. 373p. Prepared by Jackson & Moreland and Tufts College. (U AZ) Bibliography contains many references to military studies of binoculars. ================= ARTICLES. Abrahams, Peter. The Early History of Binoculars. Amateur Telescope Making Journal. #9, 1996. Abrahams, Peter. A Single Tube Binocular Newtonian. Amateur Telescope Making Journal. #14 (1999) 44-47. Babcock, Forrest. Comparison of bk7 and bak4 glass in Porro prism binoculars. n.p. Baderschneider, Herbert. Der Feldstecher: Wirkung und Leistung - dargestellt am Sternenhimmel. Pforzbeim: Bode, 1987. (2p of 47p book.) Bailey, W.R. Covering Binocular Bodies. Modern Plastics, Oct. 1942, pp50- 53. Baird, John. Early Binoculars. Nikon Historical Society NHS Journal #31, March 1991. Baker, T.Y. The Design of Reflecting Prisms. Transactions of the Optical Society 29 (1927-8), no. 2, 49-70. Barton, J.H. Exhibit of the Britannic Homogeneous Prism Binocular. Trans. Opt. Soc., vol. 22, p91, 1920-1. (Barr & Stroud) The Works and Products of Barr & Stroud Limited; Glasgow, 1920 (106pp); reprinted from Engineering vol. 58. (Bausch & Lomb) Chronological: Scientific American, Aug. 6 1898, Zeiss / B & L binoculars. Bausch & Lomb - Zeiss Stereo Binoculars and the Bausch & Lomb Prism Binoculars. 1903. Elliott, L.B. Souvenir Commemorating the Semicentennial Anniversary of the Association of Mr. J.J. Bausch and Mr. Henry Lomb and the Founding of the Bausch & Lomb Optical Company. Rochester, 1903. Lenses: their history, theory, and manufacture. Rochester: B & L, 1906. 47pp. The Prism, Jan. 1908, Feb. 1908. (B & L periodical) A Triple Alliance in Optics, 1908, 31p. Eames, H.E. An Auxiliary Range Corrector Scale for Infantry; Description of Eames Scale as Applied to Bausch & Lomb Stereo Prism Binoculars, 1915, 12pp. Range Finders For Army and Navy, 1917, 48pp. Optical Glass, A Manual and Catalog, 1919, 20pp. Foreman, Edward. Edward Bausch: An Appreciation. 1933. 27pp. The Light Benders, 1933. Fortune’s Favorites (Anthology, p281-296). The Story of Bausch & Lomb, B & L, n.d. B & L and our National Defense. N.D., ca. 1940. Do You Think Luck is Against You? B & L, ca. 1941, reprint The American Magazine. Lenses, Prisms, and Mirrors, catalog D-10, ca. 1938, 19p. Instruments for Crime Detection, catalog D-17, 1938?, 25p. Germany’s Grip on America’s Defense, Liberty, n.d. B & L, Fortune Magazine, October 1940. Lens Makers Push War Work, Photographic Dealer, Aug. 1941. Bausch & Lomb at War. n.d. 36p. Berge, Wendell. Cartels: Challenge to a Free World. Public Affairs Press: Wash. D.C., 1944. pp143-175. Seeing it Through, 1945, 57p. Balcote Reflection-Reducing Films for Optical Surfaces, 1945. Bausch & Lomb Optical Glass, catalog E-30, 24p. Eisenhart, M. Herbert. J.J. Bausch (1830-1926) American Pioneer. N.Y.: Newcomen Society, 1948, 24pp. Binoculars and How to Choose Them. N.D., post WWII. A Decade In Review, Balco News, 9-10/51. Forrest, Jack. A History of Bausch & Lomb. Manuscript. late 1960s. Beez, Helga and Hans Seeger. Fernglas-Raritaeten aus dem Optischen Museum Jena. Deutsche Optiker Zeitung, Heidelberg, 48 (1993) #9 pp13-19, #10 pp22-27, #11 pp20-27; and reprint. (Field Glass Rarities from the Optical Museum of Jena. Translated by Ilse Roberts and Peter Abrahams.) Beez, H. Jena's Optical Museum. Zeiss Historica, Fall 1995. British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee. Anti-Reflection Surfaces on Glass, Optical Cements & Etching Resist For Fine Lines. London: H.M. Stationery Office. n.d. 37p. Brown, Earle. That Roof Prism Problem. Sky & Telescope 2 (July 1943) 16- 17. Brown, J. A Multipurpose Monocular (8 x 30 B). Zeiss Historica, Spring 1995. Brown, J. Turmon Monoculars. Zeiss Historica, Fall 1989. Brown, Pete. What is a Good Binocular? (Sports Afield, 5/53, reprint B & L). (9p) Buchroeder, Richard A. Evolution of a 10 x 70 Binocular. Amateur Telescope Making Journal #14 (1999) 28-30. Buchroeder, R. A. Revitalizing a 120mm World War II Binocular. Telescope Making. #37, Summer 1989. (Business Week) Precision Optics. Business Week, May 20, 1944, pp48-54. Butler, David. When Selecting a Binocular. American Rifleman. April 1956, pp40-41. Butler, Norman. 6-inch Cassegrain Binoculars. Sky & Telescope 64 (Nov. 1982) 490-492. (Canadian Binoculars). Canadian Machinery and Manufacturing News, Nov. 1944, pp65-69. (Canadian Binoculars). British Admiralty Technical Mission, letter of Sept. 5, 1940. (5p). Cary, Lucian. What You May Not Know About Binoculars. True, April 1948, pp44ff. (Catalogue Illustre des Longues Vues Binoculaires 10 x 50 Type SF 14.) 1993. (French military SF) Chalmers, S.D. The Use of Graticules in Binoculars and Telescopes. Trans. Opt. Soc., vol. 16, pp44-52, 1915. Chisolm, Cecil. How advertising brought in 60,000 binoculars for Britain's armed forces when all other means had failed. Printer's Ink, April 25 1941, p13-15. Claudet, A. On the means of increasing the Angle of Binocular Instruments, in order to obtain a Stereoscopic Effect in proportion to their Magnifying Power. Journal of the Franklin Institute 40 (1860) 261-2. Coleman, H.S. and W.S. Verplanck. A Comparison of Computed and Experimental Detection Ranges of Objects Viewed with Telescopic Systems from Aboard Ship. JOSA 38:3 (1948), 250-3. Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee. The Production of Binoculars by Zeiss. 1945. London, H.M.Stationery Offc. (6p) (The Compass Field Glass) Scientific American 71 (Dec. 8, 1894) 356. Covell, William. Finer Binoculars. Die Casting, Nov. 1943, pp15-17. Czapski, S. About New Kinds of Telescopes, Especially for Handheld Use. Lecture held at the session of the Society for Advancement of Industrial Activity on January 7, 1895. Continuation, Number 3; from the “Central- Zeitung fur Optik und Mechanik” (Journal for Optics and Mechanics), Berlin, Feb. 1, 1896. Translated by Ilse Roberts and Peter Abrahams. Czapski, Siegfried. Grundzuege der Theorie der Optischen Instrumente. Leipzig: Barth, 1904. (part) Darling, Charles. Optical Appliances in Warfare. Scientific American Supplement, v82, #2139 (Dec. 30, 1916) 428. Davis, Meredith. Which Binocular for the Hunter?. American Rifleman. November 1968, pp31-34. Day, F., Coated Lenses. June, 1943. Drysdale, C.V. Small Telescopes and Binoculars. Proceedings of the Optical Convention, 1905. (p126-145). (‘Catalog’ of O.C., 1905, 1912, 1926. Class IV. Class IX - Small Telescopes and Binoculars.) Drysdale, C.V. Some New Optical Instruments. Trans. Opt. Soc., vol. 14, pp32-4, 1913-4. (Apparatus for Measuring the Magnification, Field of View, and Illumination of Field Glasses.) (Drysdale, C.V. and Mr. Aitchison) (dialog on collimator). Trans. Opt. Soc. vol. 6, pp72-5, 1905. Edgecomb , D.W. On the Performance of a 6 1/4 inch Binocular Telescope. Popular Astronomy, vol. 10, pp523-31, 1902. Edmund Salvage. How to Adjust & Collimate Binoculars. 1946. (6p) Edmund Scientific. Collimators & Collimation. Popular Optics Library No. 9072. Eggleston, Wilfred. Scientists at War. 1950. p164-175. (Canada WWII) Eisenhart, M.H. and E.W. Melson (B & L). Development and Manufacture of Optical Glass in America. The Scientific Monthly, April 1940, pp323-334. Erfle, H. Grosse oder kleine Prismenglaeser? Zeitschrift fuer Instrumentkunde 43 (1923) 257-259. Finn, A.N. Optical Glass at the National Bureau of Standards. Journal of the Optical Society of America 28 (January 1938) 13-17. Frankford Arsenal. Encyclopedia of Army Ordnance Binoculars. Philadelphia, n.d. (after 1944). 84p. Fraser, David. Design of a low cost, high magnification, passively stabilized monocular, the Stedi-Eye. Proceedings SPIE, vol. 39 (1973), pp251-7. Freeman, M.H. Innovative Wide-Field Binocular Design. OSA Proceedings of the International Optical Design Conference, Vol. 22, Rochester, June 1994. Washington, OSA, 1994. Frydman, D. H. The Danger of Using Photographic Lenses as Telescope Eyepieces. Journal of the British Astronomical Association 97:2 (Feb. 1987) 75. Frydman, D. H. Radioactive lenses as eyepieces. Journal of the British Astronomical Association 98:6 (10/1988) 309-311. Gardner, Irvine. Binoculars for Night Seeing. Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee, July 1945. (German 25 x 100, 40 x 200) Genensky, S.M. Binoculars: a long-ignored aid for the partially sighted. Rand Corp. for the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. November 1973. Goncharenko, E.N., et al. Pancratic Binoculars with a Reticle. Sov. J. Opt. Technol., vol. 58, no. 12, pp786-9, Dec. 1991. Goncharenko, E.N., et al. Variable Magnification Binoculars. Sov. J. Opt. Technol., vol. 55, no. 7, pp417-9, July 1988. Goode, Monroe. Choosing a Binocular. The American Rifleman. June, 1933, pp5-8. July, 1933, pp16-19. Goode, Monroe. Prismatic Binoculars. American Rifleman, Sept. 1938, pp23- 26; Oct. 1938, pp34-38. Gould, J.A. Binoculars for Surveillance Use. Royal Military College of Science, Dept. of Physics, Technical Note PD4. Shrivenham, 1977. (66pp) Gould, J.A. The Large German Binoculars of World War II. Journal of the British Astronomical Association 85, 5 (1975), pp393-400. Gould, J. Turn-Of-The-Century Zeiss Binoculars in England. Zeiss Historica, Fall 1986. Grosser, Hartmut. Historische Gegenstaende an der Universitaets-Sternwarte Goettingen. Goettingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Goettingen, 1998. (Anian binocular telescope) Grossman, N. German Optical Codes. Zeiss Historica, Spring 1982. Grossman, N. New Light on German Optical Codes. Zeiss Historica, Fall 1983. Grossman, N. Postwar Hand-Held Binoculars from Jena. Zeiss Historica, Spring 1993. Grossman, N. Prime Quality Symbols. Zeiss Historica, Spring 1988. Grossman, N. Products from Zeiss Vienna. Zeiss Historica, Fall 1985. Grossman, N. Revisiting Hensoldt. Zeiss Historica, Spring 1993. Grossman, N. WWII German Manufacturers' Codes. Zeiss Historica, Fall 1990. Grossman, N. Zeiss / Bausch & Lomb Chronology. Zeiss Historica, Spring 1987. Grossman, N. Zeiss Four Meter Stereo Rangefinder. Zeiss Historica, Spring 1987. Grossman, N. Zeiss Galilean Field Glasses. Zeiss Historica, Fall 1985. Grossman, N. Zeiss Rangefinders for the Czar's Army. Zeiss Historica, Fall 1984. Gubas, L. Alexander Smakula. 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Aloe. n.d., 1895-1920. Opera Glasses, Field Glasses, and Telescopes. (24p) American Optical. 1935. Optical Specialties. (13p prism binoculars & field glasses) ATCO. Prism Binoculars. n.d. American Thermo-Ware, Japanese imports. Aus Jena: 1956 (6p); 1956 da Jena Binocoli Prismatici (6p); 1986 (24p); 1991 (2p); From Jena (Europtik) 1993 (16p) Barr and Stroud: C.F.30 (7x50) (4p); 1938 (5p); 1938 Choosing a Binocular (24p); 1951 8p Bausch & Lomb: 1898 Bausch & Lomb - Zeiss Stereo Field Glasses (14p); (1898 Stereo Field Glasses, E.E. Bausch, 14p); ca. 1898 Bausch & Lomb - Zeiss Stereo Binoculars (12c); n.d. (2p); 1900 B & L Binocular - Powers 5 1/2, 8, 10 1/2 (16p); 1903 B & L -Z Stereo Binoculars and the B & L Prism Binoculars (9p); 1909 Marine Glass 10x (2p); n.d. ca. 1910s Eng. Instr. Prismatic B. Hand Level (3p); 1911 B & L -Z Stereo Binoculars (20p); 1912 B & L - Zeiss (p12-19); 1914 B & L - Zeiss (21pp); 1917 (19p); 1922 (8p); 1922 (20p); 1923 (21p); 1924 revised list (2p); 1926 Stereo Prism (22p); 1928 (21p); 1930 (31+p); 1931 Companion (2p); 1933 (=1930, new prices); 1934 (40p); 1935 (40p); 1936 (41p); 1936 The New Bausch & Lomb Army Field Glass (16p); 1937 (40p); 1938 (41p); 1938 -3 New Bausch & Lomb Binoculars (2p); 1939 (identical to 1940); 1940 (owner's manual, 30p); 1940 (33p); 1940 (6p from Sci. Instr. Cat.); 1945 The War's Finest (4p); 1946 Binoculars (2p); 1947 What you should know about your B & L. b. (32p); n.d., Binoculars and How to Choose Them; B&HtCT 1954 (32p); 1958 (6p parts list); 1958 Zephyr Light (12p); 1962? The Bausch & Lomb Binocular; 1964 (3p); n.d. (12p booklet); 1966 (?) (10p); 1970-4 (12p); n.d., G-1074 Sporting Goods; n.d., ca. 1976, Sporting Goods. Beck Kassel: n.d. Tordalk 11,15,22 x 80 (6p); 1951 Beck Kassel & Apex Binoculars (12p); 1951 The Easy Way to Sell B. (16p); 1959 (2p); 1950s (Italian) (8p); 1950s Beck Kassel & Apex (4p). Beck, R. & J. 1882 Microscopes & other optical instruments; 1925? Scientific Instruments (7p). Bell & Howell: 1976 (4p, M19) Binolux: n.d. (14p) Brownscope (in telescope files) Burton: 1963 ? (5p), n.d. (20p) Busch: ca. 1908 Prism Binoculars (16p); 1910 Astronomy with the Terlux (19p, msg. 4p); 1913 (10p, Japanese); 1929 (3p); n.d. Prism Glasses, 6x & 9x; n.d. ca. 1930 'Prism Bincular?' H146e, 15p. Bushnell: 1951 How to Select Binoculars; 1951 (4p); 1953 (2p); 1954 (2p); 1955 (2p); 1956 Bino-fotography (6p); 1963 (4p); 1965 (14p); 1966 (15p); 1968 (18p); 1970 (12p); 1972 (16p); 1973 (16p); 1973 (35p); 1975 (35p); 1977 (6p); Cadillac. n.d. (19p) L. Casella. 1883. (Instrument catalog; includes field glasses) Covac: (15 x 80 pier mounted) Dollond: 1870, Instruments, William Dollond, 1p telescopes & opera glasses. 1905 (4p) Dr. Woehler: 1950s (4p); 1950s (6p); 1950s Variscop (2p). DuMaurier: 1930 (39p); 1938 (12p); n.d., Binocular & Field Glasses, How to Select, Test & Use. Edmund Salvage: 1946 (10p collimation); 1947 (4p); ca. 1960 (w' 9x50) Ednar: n.d. (6p). F O G Berlin: 1950s (1p). Karl Fritsch, vorm. Prokesch, Wien. 1882. Fuji: 1967 (6p); 1979 (2p); 1986 (14p); Geco: 1961 (8p). Geller: 1954 Robert Geller (various makers) (68p); 1959 (80p). Geneva Optical: Superior Binocular n.d. (12p); Superior n.d. (4p); Megaphos n.d. (4p) Goerz: 1898 ? Queen & Co. (13p); n.d. J. Scheidig & Co., Trieder Binoculars (30p); 1906 (7p); 1908 Prism Binoculars (16p); 1909 Triedres-Binocles (23p); 1906-1911?; Instruktion...Armeefeldstechers M.8 (11p); Army & Navy (9p); 1910? Armee und Marine Trieder (25p); 1911 Triedres Binocles (31p, French); 1912 (41p, German); 1913 general catalog Goerz American; 1913 general catalog Paris (141-179); n.d. Trieder Binokel (7c); 1920 Binoculars (2p); 1921 Trieder Binokels (40p); 1922 Trieder Binoculars (11p); n.d. Triedres-Binocles (31p); 1925 (p41-4, German); 1930 (6p). Gundlach Manhattan: (4p). Sci Am 11/11/1893 exhibit Gundlach; 1902 Camera (1p); 1907 Lenses (1p); 1909 Lenses (1p); n.d. 6x30 Turner-Reich. Hartmann: n.d. (5p); n.d. (4p); n.d. (12p). Helios. n.d. (1p). Henderson Brothers, Boston. Binoculars, n.d., 1920?: (Schutz, Leitz, Zeiss, 5p) Hensoldt: 1901 (11p); 1901 Jumelle pentaprismatique (23p); Das Hensoldt- Werk, 72p, 1908; 1922 (11p); 1920s Hensoldt Prism Binoculars (16p); 1933 Feldstecher (7c); 1937 Ein Blick durchs Hensoldt-Glas; 1938 (7c); 1938 (8p); 1938 (8p); n.d. 1930s? 2p; 1950 (2p); n.d. 1950? 5p; n.d. 1950s? 2p; 1954 (2p); 1954 Sonderdruck zur Klarstellung (4p); 1954? Prism Binoculars 1238e (4p); 1960 (5p); 1960 Preisliste (2p); 1961? Diarex / Diasport (8p); 1961 (2p); 1961 Night-Dialyt 8 x 56 (2p); 1963 (18p). 100 Jahre M. Hensoldt & Sohne; 46p, 8p & translation, 1952. Hans Hensoldt: 1958, Das Fern-Sicht Programm (6p). Herola, W. Germany: 1950s (2p) Hertel & Reuss: 1965 (3p); 1977 ? (16p) Heym. Prismen-Feldstecher. n.d. (2p) Hofmann. Military telescope (2p). Huet: 1909, Catalog 12 (16p); 1950s Jumelles (16p); 1950s Binoculars (6p). Hutchinson, Charles. Illustrated Catalogue of Nautical and Surveying Instruments, Charts, Books, and Chronometers. 1893. (Boston MA). (6p field glasses) Jason: 1970? (12p). Keiner, Wetzlar. 1950s Prismen Feldstecher (2p). Kern: 1950s (6p); 1965 ? (9p); 1970-3 (13p); 1980s Military 8x30 (4p), 1986? Elit / Alpico (2p). Kershaw: n.d. - ca. 1920s (21p); 1937 (4c); 1950? (20p) Krauss, Paris: 1901 (3p); 1922, T52, Stereo Jumelles a Prismes, Jumelles Galileiques, Longes Vues, 40p. 1922, T53, Supplement, Nikos. Leitz: (13p from Collector’s Guide); 1911 ? (9p); 1929 (12p); 1931 (8p); 1947 Levitas (2p); 1953 (8p); 1955 (12p); 1963 (Trinovid 6p); 1963 (Trinovid 2p); 1978 Trinovid C (6p) Lemaire. 1929 (20p). Lerebours & Secretan. 1853, Instruments, 2p Lorgnettes Jumelles. Lizars. n.d., ca. 1920, Prism Binoculars, Field and Marine Glasses, Telescopes, etc. (17p). Edouard Lutz. 1872, Instruments, 2p Lorgnettes Jumelles. Matsushima Optical Department Store, 1960 (Nikon, Kowa, Toko, Ofuna, Okaya, Lupinus, Asahi, Meiji Seiko. Meyrowitz: n.d. Flammarion Opera, Field, and Marine Glasses (11p). Mirador. n.d., EXL, BCF, Limador (6p). Mirakel. 1950s. (6p). Moeller: 1950s? Taschen-Prismen-Glaeser (2p); 1950s Cambinox (2p); 1950s Cambinox (2p); 1950s Marex - Marox (2p); 1951 Program of Production (8p); 1951 galileans (2p); n.d. Kleinoptik (8p). Nedinsco. 1931, Ausruestung einer Flotte (54p); Optische Instrumente fuer Maschinegewehr-Abteilungen. Negretti & Zambra: n.d. (field glasses, telescopes) Nikon: 1950s Mikron (4p); 1955 (8p, 2 versions, price list); 1955 Simple tests to make in selecting a binocular (8p); 1967 (8p); 1968 (4p);1980 (6p); 1994 (12p) Early Binoculars, John Baird, Nikon Historical Society NHS #31, March 1991. N-K Optical Ordnance, Richard Lane, NHS, June 1993, Sept. 1993, Dec. 1993, March 1994, June 1994, Sept. 1994, March 1995 Pentax: 1981? (3p) Porrolux: 1950s (13p). Oigee: n.d. (4p); 1922 (5p); 1950s (2p). Oppleman Importers: 1934 (11p) Optolyth: 1979 (8p) Queen: n.d. (15p, 8 copies) Ricoh: 1987 Gold Series 7 x 21 (Carton). Riso: 1950s (Daiichi Seimitsu) (4p). Rodenstock: 100 Years for Better Vision 1977 (p14-29); 1914 lenses (1p); n.d. Eldis (2p); n.d. 1920s? Prism Binoculars (6p) Rollei: n.d. 1980 ? (8p) Ross: 1901 (8p); 1901 (5p); 1901 (16p); 1902 (10p); 1904 (3p); 1906 (5p); 1907 (17p); 1908 (12p); 1909 (3p); n.d. ca.1910? (11p); 1912 (3p); 1913 (2p); 1914 (2p); n.d. 1920s? (36p); n.d. 1920s? (8p); n.d. 1920s? (24p); n.d. 1930? (13p); post 1931 Ross Binoculars & Telescopes (35p); 1936? (36p); 1937 (36p); ca. 1950 (6p); 1953 (8p); 1950s How to choose & use B.s (16p). San Giorgio: n.d. Binocoli prismatici (2p). Sard: AN 05-35-48, Preliminary Parts Catalog, 6 x 42 Binocular Mark 43 1945 (18p); 1947 How to Select Binoculars (27p); 1947 7x50 (3p); 1950s (2p); 1957 (6p) Schutz: n.d. (2p); 1908 ? (12p); Armee Modell 1908 (4c, German); n.d. Perplex (German); n.d. Perplex (14p). Schuyler, Hartley, & Graham. Illustrated Catalogue of Arms and Military Goods, containing regulations for the uniform of the Army, Navy, Marine, and Revenue Corps of the United States. N.Y., 1864. (4p, field glasses) Scope: 1950s (2p); 1969 (10p). Semmon's New Catalogue. Eye-sight and Spectacles. Illustrated and Descriptive List of Opera, Tourists', Marine, Field & Race-course Glasses; Telescopes, Barometers, Microscopes, Eyeglasses, Spectacles, etc. Manufactured by Semmons, Oculists Optician, 687 Broadway, New York. 20pp. n.d., testimonials from 1850s. Galilean binoculars. Southern Precision Instrument (Optex). 1973? (10p) W.F. Stanley, London. 1912. (3p) Steiner: n.d. (6p); n.d. (7p); n.d. (6p); n.d. (3p) Steinheil: 1895 (14p). 1907, Instruments, 2p binoculars. ca. 1960 (4p). Swarovski: 1950s Habicht (4p); 1957 Habicht Prismatic Binoculars; 1958 Description; 1958 Theaterglaeser (2p); 1979 (8p); n.d. 1980s (21p); 2000 (28p). Swift: n.d. ca.1935 (32p); 1956 ? (14p); 1964 (8p); 1965 (7p); 1968 (11p); 1976 (13p) Tasco: 1964 (13p); 1968 (20p); 1983 (14p) Teleca: Why This Camera. United: n.d., (32p). n.d., (24p) Voigtlaender: 1906 (p115-24); 1907 (2p); 1911 Lenses (3p); 1915 Lenses- Cameras- Binoculars (6p); 1922 Prism Binoculars (4p); n.d., Price list of Field Glasses & Telescopes, V. & Sohn, A.G. (16p). Warner & Swasey: n.d. (31p, 16 copies) Watson: 1901 Photographic Instr. & Acc. (3p); 1907-8 Photog. Instr. (2p); 1910 (4p); 1927 (11p) Weiss, Paul: Field Glasses, Binoculars, Telescopes, Opera Glasses, n.d. 1909? (19p); Weiss Alpine Binoculars 1920? (20p) Wild. Binocular goniometers. Wollensak: n.d. form 104 (4c); 1952 (6p); n.d. Scopes (2p); n.d. (24p, 14 copies) Wuerth: n.d. (1p) Zeiss: 1894 New Hand Binocular Telescopes (4p); 1896 Neue Doppel-Fernrohre (8p); 1899 Prism Binoculars and Stereo Telescopes (10p); 1899 Binocular and Monocular Stand-Telescopes (8p); 1902 Binoculare und Monoculare Stand- Fernrohre (10p); 1904 Feldstecher und Relief-Handfernrohre T57 (14p); 1906 Feldstecher und Relief Handfernrohre (14p); 1907 Feldstecher und Teleplaste T74 (11p); 1910 Descriptive List of Optical Instruments for use in the Navy T104 (12p); 1910 Binocular Telescopes for Use in the Hands (4p); 1910 Jumelles et Teleplastes T74 (11p); n.d. SignalGeraete - Beobachtungsfernrohre D.F.110 T807 (3p); 1910 Teleater T76 (2p); <<1911 Hinged Stereo Telescope (8p) missing>>; 1912 Fieldglasses Tele150 (msg 7+p,~19p); 1912 Binocular Magnifiers of small power (2p); 1912 Binocular Magnifiers Mikro284 (8p); 1912 Tele-Loupes (11p); 1913? Binocular Magnifiers Med 1/11 (4p); 1913 Telescopic Magnifiers Med 3 (4p); 1913 Fernrohrlupen (8p); 1914 Feldstecher T180 (47p); 1914 Feldstecher fuer Armee und Marine T190 (18p); 1918 Feldstecher fuer Armee und Marine T195 (38p, missing 9-16,19-20); 1920 Fieldglasses T215 (46p); n.d. DF (4p); 1921 Observation Telescopes Astro 53 (25p); 1921 Zeiss T236d (4p); 1922 Telescopic Magnifiers & Telescopic Microscope Med 3 (4p); 1922 Telescopic Magnifiers Med 3 (4p); 1923 Field Glasses T260e (48p,=1926); 1924 Telescopic Magnifiers and Tele-Microscopes Med 124 (10p); 1924 T236e; 1924 Galan (4p); 1926 (48p=1923); 1926 Telescopic Magnifiers and Tele- Microscopes Med 3/11 (8p); 1927 Feldstecher T326 (4p); 1928 Field Glasses T380 (54p, =1929); 1929 Field Glasses T411 (12p); 1930 New Models T470e (3p); n.d. ca. 1930 Xmas (4p); 1931 reprint T500e; pages from Zeiss T236e - Starmorbi Asembi Asenglar Asaltur Asal - 1933 Optische Geraete T561; 1934 Magnifiers MED43 (11p); 1934 Binoculars T325 (4p); n.d. Binoculars T325e (2p); 1936? 1939? Field Glasses T500E (56p, copies of 45p only, almost identical to 1931); ca.1937 Featherweight (4p); 1936 Featherweight T602e; 1938 Fernrohre Astro 536 (8p); 1939 Federleicht T602RM (7c); 1939 Featherweight (4p); 1940 Federleicht T700 (12p); U-Bootglas 7 x 50 blc (4p); 1950? Zeiss CZ-50-034-2 (7p); 1952 Zeiss (42p); 1953 (23p); 1957 Binoculars (14p); 1957-1962 Reparatur-Anweisung fuer Feldstecher; 1958 Binoculars (15p); 1959 (24p); 1959 (42p, German); 1962 Zeiss (24p); 1965 7x50B/GA (4p); 1966 ? (23p); 1969 (6p); n.d. 1970s? (4p); n.d. 1980? (6p); n.d. Jena 1980? (12p); n.d. Jena 1980s? (18p) (Notarem mirror / prism); 1990? Feldstecher instr. (6p); 1991 Nobilem (4p); . =============================== home page: http://www.europa.com/~telscope/binotele.htm Last revised Sept. 2002.